A Numerical Study of Thickness Effect of the Symmetric NACA 4-Digit Airfoils on Self Starting Capability of a 1kW H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Chi-Cong Nguyen; Thi-Hong-Hieu Le; Phat-Tai Tran

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12

| Peer-Reviewed

A Numerical Study of Thickness Effect of the Symmetric NACA 4-Digit Airfoils on Self Starting Capability of a 1kW H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Chi-Cong Nguyen, Thi-Hong-Hieu Le, Phat-Tai Tran

Published in International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 3-1)

Received: 9 December 2014 Accepted: 29 December 2014 Published: 14 February 2015

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The effect of thickness of the symmetric NACA 4-digit airfoil series on self starting of a 1kW three blades H-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis is the main objective of this study. A sliding interface technique was used to investigate two dimensional unsteady flow around VAWT model by solving the Reynolds Average Navier-Strokes equation with k-e Realizable turbulent model. A novel CFD-dynamic coupling model is proposed to solve the dynamic of VAWT. In this model, while the aerodynamic force acting on the VAWT blades is solved by CFD, the torque of the generator and the dynamic friction force at the bearing applying on the axis of VAWT are modelled vie their physical characteristics. The during time to rotate an angle of 120° of VAWT is one of the principle parameters to investigate the self starting capability. The effect of the starting azimuth angle of blade, the wind velocity and the geometry of the airfoil (NACA 0012, 0015, 0018, 0021) on self starting capability are analysed. The qualitative result show that the considered VAWT has the highest self starting capability when the starting azimuth angle of blade is in the range of [90°÷100°] and it has the lowest self starting capability when the starting azimuth angle is in the range of [45°÷60°]. By using the CFD-dynamic coupling model and by comparing the aerodynamic moment of the wind on the steady three blades to the static friction moment, the considered VAWT rotate at the starting wind velocity of 4 m/s, 3.5 m/s, 3m/s and 3 m/s for NACA 0012, 0015, 0018 and 0021 respectively. The VAWT has the lowest self starting capability with the configuration of NACA 0012 and has the highest capability with NACA 0021.

Published in	International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 3-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Transportation Engineering Technology — Part Ⅱ
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12
Page(s)	7-16
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Wind Energy, Wind Turbine, Vertical Axis, Self Starting, CFD, Unsteady Flow, Moving Mesh

References

[1]	J. H. Strickland, “The Darrieus Turbine: A Performance Prediction Model Using Multiple Streamtubes”, Sandia National Labs, Rept. SAND75-0431, Albuquerque, NM, 1975.
[2]	I. Paraschivoiu, “Double-Multiple Streamtube Model for Studying Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 4, 1988, pp. 370–377.
[3]	H. Glauert, “Airplane propellers”, Aerodynamic Theory, vol. 4. New York: Dover Publication Inc, 1963. Division L, pp. 169-360.
[4]	J. H. Strickland, B. T. Webster, and T. Nguyen, “A vortex Model of the Darrieus Turbine: An Analytical and Experimental Study”, Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 101, 1979, pp. 500–505.
[5]	F. N. Coton, D. Jiang, and R. A. M. Galbraith, “An Unsteady Prescribed Wake Model for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A, Journal of Power and Energy, Vol. 208, 1994, pp. 13–20.
[6]	M. O. L. Hansen, and D. N. Sørensen, “CFD Model for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine”, Wind Energy for the New Millennium—Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2–6 July 2001.
[7]	C. J. Simão Ferreira, H. Bijl, G. van Bussel, and G. van Kuik, “Simulating Dynamic Stall in a 2D VAWT: Modeling Strategy, Verification and Validation with Particle Image Velocimetry Data”, Journal of Physics. Conference Series, Vol. 75, 2007, Paper 012023.
[8]	M. Raciti Castelli, A. Englaro, and E. Benini, “The Darrieus Wind Turbine: Proposal for a New Performance Prediction Model based on CFD”, Energy 36, 2011, pp. 4919-4934.
[9]	K. Horiuchi, I. Ushiyama, and K. Seki, “Straight Wing Vertical Axis Wind Turbines: a Flow Analysis”, Wind Engineering, Vol. 29, 2005, pp. 243–252.
[10]	A. Iida, K. Kato, and A. Mizuno, “Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Flow and Aerodynamic Performance of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines with LES”, 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Crown Plaza, Gold Coast, Australia, 2-7 December 2007.
[11]	R. Dominy, P. Lunt, A. Bickerdyke, and J. Dominy, “Self Starting Capability of a Darrieus Turbine”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A, Journal of Power and Enery, Vol. 221, 2006, pp. 111–120.
[12]	B. Habtamu, and Y. Yingxua, “Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Flow to Show Self Starting of Veritcal Axis Wind Turbine Using Fluent”, Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 11, 2011, pp. 962–970.
[13]	B. Habtamu, and Y. Yingxua, “Effect of Camber Airfoil on Self Starting of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine”, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 4, 2011, pp. 302–312.
[14]	V.T. Nguyen, C.C Nguyen, T.H.H. Le, “Optimal aerodynamic design and generator matching for VAWT of 1kW using DMST method”, Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, ISSN: 1859-4263, Vol. 7&8 - 9/2013, pp. 179-184.
[15]	http://www.ginlong.com/download/200908/GL-PMG-1000_Specification_Sheet.pdf.
[16]	K. E. Johnson, and L. J. Fingersh “Methods for Increasing Region 2 Power Capture on a Variable Speed HAWT”, Proceedings of the 23rd ASME Wind Energy Symposium, 2004, pp. 103–113.
[17]	A. Kazumasa, M. Baku, Nagai, and N. R. Jitendro, “Design of a 3 kW Wind Turbine Generator with Thin Airfoil Blades”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 32, 2008, pp. 1723–1730.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Chi-Cong Nguyen, Thi-Hong-Hieu Le, Phat-Tai Tran. (2015). A Numerical Study of Thickness Effect of the Symmetric NACA 4-Digit Airfoils on Self Starting Capability of a 1kW H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 3(3-1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Chi-Cong Nguyen; Thi-Hong-Hieu Le; Phat-Tai Tran. A Numerical Study of Thickness Effect of the Symmetric NACA 4-Digit Airfoils on Self Starting Capability of a 1kW H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2015, 3(3-1), 7-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Chi-Cong Nguyen, Thi-Hong-Hieu Le, Phat-Tai Tran. A Numerical Study of Thickness Effect of the Symmetric NACA 4-Digit Airfoils on Self Starting Capability of a 1kW H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2015;3(3-1):7-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12,
  author = {Chi-Cong Nguyen and Thi-Hong-Hieu Le and Phat-Tai Tran},
  title = {A Numerical Study of Thickness Effect of the Symmetric NACA 4-Digit Airfoils on Self Starting Capability of a 1kW H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine},
  journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3-1},
  pages = {7-16},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12},
  abstract = {The effect of thickness of the symmetric NACA 4-digit airfoil series on self starting of a 1kW three blades H-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis is the main objective of this study. A sliding interface technique was used to investigate two dimensional unsteady flow around VAWT model by solving the Reynolds Average Navier-Strokes equation with k-e Realizable turbulent model. A novel CFD-dynamic coupling model is proposed to solve the dynamic of VAWT. In this model, while the aerodynamic force acting on the VAWT blades is solved by CFD, the torque of the generator and the dynamic friction force at the bearing applying on the axis of VAWT are modelled vie their physical characteristics. The during time to rotate an angle of 120° of VAWT is one of the principle parameters to investigate the self starting capability. The effect of the starting azimuth angle of blade, the wind velocity and the geometry of the airfoil (NACA 0012, 0015, 0018, 0021) on self starting capability are analysed. The qualitative result show that the considered VAWT has the highest self starting capability when the starting azimuth angle of blade is in the range of [90°÷100°] and it has the lowest self starting capability when the starting azimuth angle is in the range of [45°÷60°]. By using the CFD-dynamic coupling model and by comparing the aerodynamic moment of the wind on the steady three blades to the static friction moment, the considered VAWT rotate at the starting wind velocity of 4 m/s, 3.5 m/s, 3m/s and 3 m/s for NACA 0012, 0015, 0018 and 0021 respectively. The VAWT has the lowest self starting capability with the configuration of NACA 0012 and has the highest capability with NACA 0021.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Numerical Study of Thickness Effect of the Symmetric NACA 4-Digit Airfoils on Self Starting Capability of a 1kW H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
AU  - Chi-Cong Nguyen
AU  - Thi-Hong-Hieu Le
AU  - Phat-Tai Tran
Y1  - 2015/02/14
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12
T2  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
SP  - 7
EP  - 16
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0248
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12
AB  - The effect of thickness of the symmetric NACA 4-digit airfoil series on self starting of a 1kW three blades H-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis is the main objective of this study. A sliding interface technique was used to investigate two dimensional unsteady flow around VAWT model by solving the Reynolds Average Navier-Strokes equation with k-e Realizable turbulent model. A novel CFD-dynamic coupling model is proposed to solve the dynamic of VAWT. In this model, while the aerodynamic force acting on the VAWT blades is solved by CFD, the torque of the generator and the dynamic friction force at the bearing applying on the axis of VAWT are modelled vie their physical characteristics. The during time to rotate an angle of 120° of VAWT is one of the principle parameters to investigate the self starting capability. The effect of the starting azimuth angle of blade, the wind velocity and the geometry of the airfoil (NACA 0012, 0015, 0018, 0021) on self starting capability are analysed. The qualitative result show that the considered VAWT has the highest self starting capability when the starting azimuth angle of blade is in the range of [90°÷100°] and it has the lowest self starting capability when the starting azimuth angle is in the range of [45°÷60°]. By using the CFD-dynamic coupling model and by comparing the aerodynamic moment of the wind on the steady three blades to the static friction moment, the considered VAWT rotate at the starting wind velocity of 4 m/s, 3.5 m/s, 3m/s and 3 m/s for NACA 0012, 0015, 0018 and 0021 respectively. The VAWT has the lowest self starting capability with the configuration of NACA 0012 and has the highest capability with NACA 0021.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3-1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Chi-Cong Nguyen

Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Thi-Hong-Hieu Le

Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Phat-Tai Tran

Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Chi-Cong Nguyen, Thi-Hong-Hieu Le, Phat-Tai Tran. (2015). A Numerical Study of Thickness Effect of the Symmetric NACA 4-Digit Airfoils on Self Starting Capability of a 1kW H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 3(3-1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Chi-Cong Nguyen; Thi-Hong-Hieu Le; Phat-Tai Tran. A Numerical Study of Thickness Effect of the Symmetric NACA 4-Digit Airfoils on Self Starting Capability of a 1kW H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2015, 3(3-1), 7-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Chi-Cong Nguyen, Thi-Hong-Hieu Le, Phat-Tai Tran. A Numerical Study of Thickness Effect of the Symmetric NACA 4-Digit Airfoils on Self Starting Capability of a 1kW H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2015;3(3-1):7-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12,
  author = {Chi-Cong Nguyen and Thi-Hong-Hieu Le and Phat-Tai Tran},
  title = {A Numerical Study of Thickness Effect of the Symmetric NACA 4-Digit Airfoils on Self Starting Capability of a 1kW H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine},
  journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3-1},
  pages = {7-16},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12},
  abstract = {The effect of thickness of the symmetric NACA 4-digit airfoil series on self starting of a 1kW three blades H-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis is the main objective of this study. A sliding interface technique was used to investigate two dimensional unsteady flow around VAWT model by solving the Reynolds Average Navier-Strokes equation with k-e Realizable turbulent model. A novel CFD-dynamic coupling model is proposed to solve the dynamic of VAWT. In this model, while the aerodynamic force acting on the VAWT blades is solved by CFD, the torque of the generator and the dynamic friction force at the bearing applying on the axis of VAWT are modelled vie their physical characteristics. The during time to rotate an angle of 120° of VAWT is one of the principle parameters to investigate the self starting capability. The effect of the starting azimuth angle of blade, the wind velocity and the geometry of the airfoil (NACA 0012, 0015, 0018, 0021) on self starting capability are analysed. The qualitative result show that the considered VAWT has the highest self starting capability when the starting azimuth angle of blade is in the range of [90°÷100°] and it has the lowest self starting capability when the starting azimuth angle is in the range of [45°÷60°]. By using the CFD-dynamic coupling model and by comparing the aerodynamic moment of the wind on the steady three blades to the static friction moment, the considered VAWT rotate at the starting wind velocity of 4 m/s, 3.5 m/s, 3m/s and 3 m/s for NACA 0012, 0015, 0018 and 0021 respectively. The VAWT has the lowest self starting capability with the configuration of NACA 0012 and has the highest capability with NACA 0021.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Numerical Study of Thickness Effect of the Symmetric NACA 4-Digit Airfoils on Self Starting Capability of a 1kW H-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
AU  - Chi-Cong Nguyen
AU  - Thi-Hong-Hieu Le
AU  - Phat-Tai Tran
Y1  - 2015/02/14
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12
T2  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
SP  - 7
EP  - 16
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0248
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.s.2015030301.12
AB  - The effect of thickness of the symmetric NACA 4-digit airfoil series on self starting of a 1kW three blades H-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis is the main objective of this study. A sliding interface technique was used to investigate two dimensional unsteady flow around VAWT model by solving the Reynolds Average Navier-Strokes equation with k-e Realizable turbulent model. A novel CFD-dynamic coupling model is proposed to solve the dynamic of VAWT. In this model, while the aerodynamic force acting on the VAWT blades is solved by CFD, the torque of the generator and the dynamic friction force at the bearing applying on the axis of VAWT are modelled vie their physical characteristics. The during time to rotate an angle of 120° of VAWT is one of the principle parameters to investigate the self starting capability. The effect of the starting azimuth angle of blade, the wind velocity and the geometry of the airfoil (NACA 0012, 0015, 0018, 0021) on self starting capability are analysed. The qualitative result show that the considered VAWT has the highest self starting capability when the starting azimuth angle of blade is in the range of [90°÷100°] and it has the lowest self starting capability when the starting azimuth angle is in the range of [45°÷60°]. By using the CFD-dynamic coupling model and by comparing the aerodynamic moment of the wind on the steady three blades to the static friction moment, the considered VAWT rotate at the starting wind velocity of 4 m/s, 3.5 m/s, 3m/s and 3 m/s for NACA 0012, 0015, 0018 and 0021 respectively. The VAWT has the lowest self starting capability with the configuration of NACA 0012 and has the highest capability with NACA 0021.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3-1
ER  -

Copy | Download