Carburizing of Steel

Jaleel Kareem Ahmad

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13

| Peer-Reviewed

Carburizing of Steel

Jaleel Kareem Ahmad

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 2-1)

Received: 19 October 2014 Accepted: 23 October 2014 Published: 5 November 2014

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Paraffin wax (sulfur and phosphorous free)used as carburizer material for low carbon steels(Steel20, Steel3, and Steel 20x) instead of kerosene. Results show 1) Carburized layer by wax is more depth than in case of kerosene for all the three types of steel, e.g. for steel 20x the depths are 1.336 0.001 and 0.98 0.15 mm respectively 2) More homogenized carburized layer by wax than by kerosene 3) Higher hardness carburized layer by wax than by kerosene, for steel 20x (61.5 and 59.5 Rockwell Respectively) 4) Carburized layer by wax contains 0.017 % sulfur and 0.98 % carbon while 0.022 % sulfur and 0.93 % carbon by kerosene 5) No sludge materials residue remain on the steel treated surface as in case of using kerosene 6) Under the same conditions (temperature, pressure, and volume) wax shows shorter time than kerosene to get the same depth of carburized layer 7) Wax is more save than kerosene as poisonous and fire hazard material 8) No corrosion effects on the furnace and its heaters in case of using wax than with kerosene (kerosene contains 0.2 % sulfur).

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 2-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Steel and Direct Reduced Iron (sponge Iron) Industry
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13
Page(s)	11-14
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Carburizing, Kerosene, Paraffin Wax, Depth of Carburizing, Hardness

References

[1]	Y. Lakhtin, Engineering Physical Metallurgy MIR publishers,Mosco (1977)
[2]	Darken and Gurry , Physical Chemistry of Metals from the Sieres of Metallurgy and Metallurgical Engineering , Mc Graw - Hill Book company (1953)
[3]	Marketing Specifications of Iraqi Petroleum Products , Ministry of Oil , Iraq ( 2000)
[4]	Yannick Vallee, Gordon , and Breach ( Editers) , Gas phase Reactions in organic Synthesis, Science Publishers (2002)
[5]	Ahmad Moosa , Jalil K. Ahmad , and Ali Hoobi , Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 20 ( 2007)
[6]	Ahmad Moosa , Jalil K. Ahmad ,and Ali Hoobi , Material Science Forum Vols . 546-549 (2007)
[7]	Philip L. Walker , JR . and Peter A. Thrower ( Editers ) , Chemistry and Physics of carbon , Series of Advances Vol. 15 , Marcel Dekker , INC ( 1965)
[8]	A.William Johnson , Invitation to Organic Chemistry , Jones and Bartlett Puplishers (1999)
[9]	Jaleel K. Ahmad , J. Adv . Oxid . Technol . Vol .13, No.1 , (2010 )

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Jaleel Kareem Ahmad. (2014). Carburizing of Steel. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 4(2-1), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Jaleel Kareem Ahmad. Carburizing of Steel. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 4(2-1), 11-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Jaleel Kareem Ahmad. Carburizing of Steel. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;4(2-1):11-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13,
  author = {Jaleel Kareem Ahmad},
  title = {Carburizing of Steel},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2-1},
  pages = {11-14},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13},
  abstract = {Paraffin wax (sulfur and phosphorous free)used as carburizer material for low carbon steels(Steel20, Steel3, and Steel 20x) instead of kerosene. Results show 1) Carburized layer by wax is more depth than in case of kerosene for all the three types of steel, e.g. for steel 20x the depths are 1.336 0.001 and 0.98 0.15 mm respectively 2) More homogenized carburized layer by wax than by kerosene 3) Higher hardness carburized layer by wax than by kerosene, for steel 20x (61.5 and 59.5 Rockwell Respectively) 4) Carburized layer by wax contains 0.017 % sulfur and 0.98 % carbon while 0.022 % sulfur and 0.93 % carbon by kerosene 5) No sludge materials residue remain on the steel treated surface as in case of using kerosene 6) Under the same conditions (temperature, pressure, and volume) wax shows shorter time than kerosene to get the same depth of carburized layer 7) Wax is more save than kerosene as poisonous and fire hazard material 8) No corrosion effects on the furnace and its heaters in case of using wax than with kerosene (kerosene contains 0.2 % sulfur).},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Carburizing of Steel
AU  - Jaleel Kareem Ahmad
Y1  - 2014/11/05
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 11
EP  - 14
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13
AB  - Paraffin wax (sulfur and phosphorous free)used as carburizer material for low carbon steels(Steel20, Steel3, and Steel 20x) instead of kerosene. Results show 1) Carburized layer by wax is more depth than in case of kerosene for all the three types of steel, e.g. for steel 20x the depths are 1.336 0.001 and 0.98 0.15 mm respectively 2) More homogenized carburized layer by wax than by kerosene 3) Higher hardness carburized layer by wax than by kerosene, for steel 20x (61.5 and 59.5 Rockwell Respectively) 4) Carburized layer by wax contains 0.017 % sulfur and 0.98 % carbon while 0.022 % sulfur and 0.93 % carbon by kerosene 5) No sludge materials residue remain on the steel treated surface as in case of using kerosene 6) Under the same conditions (temperature, pressure, and volume) wax shows shorter time than kerosene to get the same depth of carburized layer 7) Wax is more save than kerosene as poisonous and fire hazard material 8) No corrosion effects on the furnace and its heaters in case of using wax than with kerosene (kerosene contains 0.2 % sulfur).
VL  - 4
IS  - 2-1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Jaleel Kareem Ahmad

College of Materials Engineering, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Jaleel Kareem Ahmad. (2014). Carburizing of Steel. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 4(2-1), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Jaleel Kareem Ahmad. Carburizing of Steel. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 4(2-1), 11-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Jaleel Kareem Ahmad. Carburizing of Steel. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;4(2-1):11-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13,
  author = {Jaleel Kareem Ahmad},
  title = {Carburizing of Steel},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2-1},
  pages = {11-14},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13},
  abstract = {Paraffin wax (sulfur and phosphorous free)used as carburizer material for low carbon steels(Steel20, Steel3, and Steel 20x) instead of kerosene. Results show 1) Carburized layer by wax is more depth than in case of kerosene for all the three types of steel, e.g. for steel 20x the depths are 1.336 0.001 and 0.98 0.15 mm respectively 2) More homogenized carburized layer by wax than by kerosene 3) Higher hardness carburized layer by wax than by kerosene, for steel 20x (61.5 and 59.5 Rockwell Respectively) 4) Carburized layer by wax contains 0.017 % sulfur and 0.98 % carbon while 0.022 % sulfur and 0.93 % carbon by kerosene 5) No sludge materials residue remain on the steel treated surface as in case of using kerosene 6) Under the same conditions (temperature, pressure, and volume) wax shows shorter time than kerosene to get the same depth of carburized layer 7) Wax is more save than kerosene as poisonous and fire hazard material 8) No corrosion effects on the furnace and its heaters in case of using wax than with kerosene (kerosene contains 0.2 % sulfur).},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Carburizing of Steel
AU  - Jaleel Kareem Ahmad
Y1  - 2014/11/05
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 11
EP  - 14
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.s.2015040201.13
AB  - Paraffin wax (sulfur and phosphorous free)used as carburizer material for low carbon steels(Steel20, Steel3, and Steel 20x) instead of kerosene. Results show 1) Carburized layer by wax is more depth than in case of kerosene for all the three types of steel, e.g. for steel 20x the depths are 1.336 0.001 and 0.98 0.15 mm respectively 2) More homogenized carburized layer by wax than by kerosene 3) Higher hardness carburized layer by wax than by kerosene, for steel 20x (61.5 and 59.5 Rockwell Respectively) 4) Carburized layer by wax contains 0.017 % sulfur and 0.98 % carbon while 0.022 % sulfur and 0.93 % carbon by kerosene 5) No sludge materials residue remain on the steel treated surface as in case of using kerosene 6) Under the same conditions (temperature, pressure, and volume) wax shows shorter time than kerosene to get the same depth of carburized layer 7) Wax is more save than kerosene as poisonous and fire hazard material 8) No corrosion effects on the furnace and its heaters in case of using wax than with kerosene (kerosene contains 0.2 % sulfur).
VL  - 4
IS  - 2-1
ER  -

Copy | Download