Background and Aim: Hyperkalemia is a common risk among patients treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, especially diabetics. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of hyperkalemia among patients with type-2 diabetics treated with ARBs and/or ACEIs, and compare them with controls. Subjects and methods: This study was carried out in four primary health care centers in Bahrain using a comparative ex-post-facto cross-sectional design with a control group. It included 305 type-2 diabetes patients in these settings. They were categorized into four groups: A) controls not on RAAS medications; B) ARB alone; C) ACE Inhibitors alone; D) combination of both. Data were collected from medical records. The study protocol was approved by the research committee in the Ministry of Health in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Results: The prevalence of hyperkalemia among those on ACE inhibitor and/or ARB medications was 16.51% (95% CI: 11.84 – 22.12%), while severe hyperkalemia was 1.38% (95% CI: 0.28 – 3.97%). The patients in the group taking both ARB and ACE inhibitor medications had significantly higher level of serum potassium but better control of their Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) compared to the other 3 groups. In multivariate analysis, the medication group was not a statistically significant predictor of hyperkalemia. Conclusion: A combined ACEi/ARB therapy may pose a higher risk of increased serum potassium compared with mono-treatment or control. Hence, caution should be exercised especially in those with advanced kidney disease, heart failure, on renal replacement therapy, on potassium sparing diuretics.
| Published in |
Journal of Surgery (Volume 4, Issue 2-1)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Gastrointestinal Surgery: Recent Trends |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.js.s.2016040201.12 |
| Page(s) | 4-9 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Diabetes, Hyperkalemia, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone, Potassium
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APA Style
Abeer Al Saweer, Reda Othman. (2015). Prevalence of Hyperkalemia in Type 2 Diabetics Treated with Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: A Multicenter Study. Journal of Surgery, 4(2-1), 4-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.js.s.2016040201.12
ACS Style
Abeer Al Saweer; Reda Othman. Prevalence of Hyperkalemia in Type 2 Diabetics Treated with Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: A Multicenter Study. J. Surg. 2015, 4(2-1), 4-9. doi: 10.11648/j.js.s.2016040201.12
AMA Style
Abeer Al Saweer, Reda Othman. Prevalence of Hyperkalemia in Type 2 Diabetics Treated with Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: A Multicenter Study. J Surg. 2015;4(2-1):4-9. doi: 10.11648/j.js.s.2016040201.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.js.s.2016040201.12,
author = {Abeer Al Saweer and Reda Othman},
title = {Prevalence of Hyperkalemia in Type 2 Diabetics Treated with Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: A Multicenter Study},
journal = {Journal of Surgery},
volume = {4},
number = {2-1},
pages = {4-9},
doi = {10.11648/j.js.s.2016040201.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.js.s.2016040201.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.js.s.2016040201.12},
abstract = {Background and Aim: Hyperkalemia is a common risk among patients treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, especially diabetics. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of hyperkalemia among patients with type-2 diabetics treated with ARBs and/or ACEIs, and compare them with controls. Subjects and methods: This study was carried out in four primary health care centers in Bahrain using a comparative ex-post-facto cross-sectional design with a control group. It included 305 type-2 diabetes patients in these settings. They were categorized into four groups: A) controls not on RAAS medications; B) ARB alone; C) ACE Inhibitors alone; D) combination of both. Data were collected from medical records. The study protocol was approved by the research committee in the Ministry of Health in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Results: The prevalence of hyperkalemia among those on ACE inhibitor and/or ARB medications was 16.51% (95% CI: 11.84 – 22.12%), while severe hyperkalemia was 1.38% (95% CI: 0.28 – 3.97%). The patients in the group taking both ARB and ACE inhibitor medications had significantly higher level of serum potassium but better control of their Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) compared to the other 3 groups. In multivariate analysis, the medication group was not a statistically significant predictor of hyperkalemia. Conclusion: A combined ACEi/ARB therapy may pose a higher risk of increased serum potassium compared with mono-treatment or control. Hence, caution should be exercised especially in those with advanced kidney disease, heart failure, on renal replacement therapy, on potassium sparing diuretics.},
year = {2015}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Hyperkalemia in Type 2 Diabetics Treated with Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: A Multicenter Study AU - Abeer Al Saweer AU - Reda Othman Y1 - 2015/11/30 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.js.s.2016040201.12 DO - 10.11648/j.js.s.2016040201.12 T2 - Journal of Surgery JF - Journal of Surgery JO - Journal of Surgery SP - 4 EP - 9 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-0930 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.js.s.2016040201.12 AB - Background and Aim: Hyperkalemia is a common risk among patients treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, especially diabetics. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of hyperkalemia among patients with type-2 diabetics treated with ARBs and/or ACEIs, and compare them with controls. Subjects and methods: This study was carried out in four primary health care centers in Bahrain using a comparative ex-post-facto cross-sectional design with a control group. It included 305 type-2 diabetes patients in these settings. They were categorized into four groups: A) controls not on RAAS medications; B) ARB alone; C) ACE Inhibitors alone; D) combination of both. Data were collected from medical records. The study protocol was approved by the research committee in the Ministry of Health in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Results: The prevalence of hyperkalemia among those on ACE inhibitor and/or ARB medications was 16.51% (95% CI: 11.84 – 22.12%), while severe hyperkalemia was 1.38% (95% CI: 0.28 – 3.97%). The patients in the group taking both ARB and ACE inhibitor medications had significantly higher level of serum potassium but better control of their Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) compared to the other 3 groups. In multivariate analysis, the medication group was not a statistically significant predictor of hyperkalemia. Conclusion: A combined ACEi/ARB therapy may pose a higher risk of increased serum potassium compared with mono-treatment or control. Hence, caution should be exercised especially in those with advanced kidney disease, heart failure, on renal replacement therapy, on potassium sparing diuretics. VL - 4 IS - 2-1 ER -
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