Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload

Min Chen; Tony Allen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload

Min Chen, Tony Allen

Published in World Journal of Applied Physics (Volume 6, Issue 4)

Received: 6 October 2021 Accepted: 28 October 2021 Published: 27 November 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This paper presents part of the research findings from the ‘Active Control of Trolleybus Current Collection Systems (ACTCCS)’ PhD project undertaken at Loughborough University, UK. In this paper, the issues of preload and self-generation contact force are investigated within a dynamic model and simulation of a ‘trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph system. The self-generation contact force is created under the preload which they are both interdepend and inseparable each other in any kind of catenary-pantograph system. Under normal operations, the preload and self-generation contact forces help maintain contact between the trolleybus pantograph and catenary overhead power line to prevent arcing, power off or even de-wirement. There are four modellings which are single catenary, initial position of pantograph under preload, Integration of a trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph and combination of trolleybus catenary-pantograph system with self-generation contact force to be gradually built as well as the simulations were carried out. The results of simulations show that there is significant different with and without self-generation contact force. Put other words, the trolleybus catenary-pantograph system cannot work properly, even cannot completely work without self-generation contact force. Except trolleybus, the conclusion from modelling and results can also be applicable to all kinds of catenary-pantograph systems including electricized trains, trams, and metros etc.

Published in	World Journal of Applied Physics (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12
Page(s)	60-69
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Preload, Self-generation Contact Force, Catenary, Pantograph and Trolleybus

References

[1]	Sellick, Rebeka, Market Research Summary Report, Innovations, Engineering and Business Consultancy, 2016, [Cited 2016 September]. Available from: rsellick@trl.co.uk, Sat 24/09/2016 07:06.
[2]	Manfred Boltze, eHighway–An Infrastructure for Sustainable Road Freight Transport, CIGOS 2019, Innovation for Sustainable Infrastructure pp 35-44.
[3]	Rob Clymo, Siemens eHighway promises sustainable road freight transport, our future mobility might be all-electric and data-driven, December 24, 2019. Available from: https://www.techradar.com
[4]	Ken Shores; Catenary on Japanese Railroads; Sumida Crossing, An N-Scale, Japanese-Themed, Urban Railroad 2014. Available from: http://sumidacrossing.org/Prototype/PrototypeCatenary
[5]	Edwin F. Taylor and John Archibald Wheeler, Spacetime Physics: Introduction to Special Relativity, Second Edition, 1992.
[6]	Gator Trax; Suspension Bridges Module; College of Engineering, University of Florida 2004.
[7]	Shahin Hedayati Kia, Fabio Bartolini, Augustin Mpanda-Mabwe, Roger Ceschi; Pantograph-Catenary Interaction Model Comparison; IECON 2010 - 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.
[8]	Mr Tim Stubbs’ garage, 1 Highfield Drive, Burton upon Trent. The pantograph measured was from the trolleybus having last been used in service in 1950 in the UK.
[9]	BSI British Standards; Railway applications—Rolling stock—Electric equipment in trolleybuses—Safety requirements and connection systems; DD CLC/TS 50502:2008.
[10]	5.24 Wave propagation velocity, BSI Standards; Railway applications — Fixed installations — Electric traction overhead contact lines; EN 50119:2009+A1:2013.
[11]	Sung Pil Jung, Young Guk Kim, Jin Sung Paik and Tae Won Park, Estimation of Dynamic Contact Force Between a Pantograph and Catenary Using the Finite Element Method, Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics October 2012, Vol. 7 / 041006-1.
[12]	BS EN 50318. Railway applications. Current collection systems. Validation of simulation of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line, 2002.
[13]	Mohammad Mirzapour, T. X. Mei, Detection and isolation of actuator failure for actively controlled railway wheelsets, 2014 UKACC International Conference on Control (CONTROL), July 2014.
[14]	Charles H. Holbrow, 2.4 Angles and angular measure, Modern Introductory Physics, Second edition, 2010, p32.
[15]	Bus speeds reports, Buses performance data, 2017/2018, Available from: http://content.tfl.gov.uk
[16]	Mr Tim Stubbs’ garage, 1 Highfield Drive, Burton upon Trent. The pantograph measured was from the trolleybus having last been used in service in 1950 in the UK, Available from: tim.stubbs@highfieldengineering.co.uk, 21/11/2017 5:23pm, 12/09/2018 2:17pm and 14/09/2018 11:50.
[17]	SA 3 (BS3), SA Series Servoactuators, Linear Servoactuators, Linearmech S.r.l.Via Caduti di Sabbiuno, 3 - 40011 Anzola dell’Emilia (Bologna), ITALY.
[18]	Single Core XLPE/PVC/AWA/PVC Power Cable. Available from: http://objects.eanixter.com
[19]	The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft. Available from: http://www.sandtoft.org.uk
[20]	Crich Tramway Village. Available from: http://www.tramway.co.uk
[21]	Yu-Chen Lin, Chun-Liang Lin and Chih-Chieh Yang; Robust Active Vibration Control for Rail Vehicle Pantograph; IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 56, No. 4, July 2007.
[22]	Product catalogue–Overhead contact lines, Kummler+Matter Ltd; 2012, p 12073-12304/6487.
[23]	Eland Cables, Cables & Accessories Rail Cable-Overhead Line \| 107mm²Contact Wire with ID Groove (Hard Drawn Copper), Eland Product Group: 91. Available from: elandcables.com
[24]	Chris Jackson, Stagecoach Supertram Maintenance Ltd, Nunnery Depot, Woodbourn Road, SHEFFIELD, S9 3LS. The pantograph measured was from LR33D made by Brecknell Willis.
[25]	Jeffrey Erochko, 5.6 The Virtual Work Method, Introduction to Structural Analysis, Carleton University (Ottawa, Canada). Available from: www.learnaboutstructures.com.
[26]	Martin Houde, Chapter 4. Lagrangian Dynamics, Classical Mechanics I, Courses Physics 350/Applied Math 353, University of Western Ontario Canada, Page 80-84.
[27]	Min Chen, Christopher. P. Ward, Ella-Mae Hubbard, Peter Hubbard, Modelling and Active Control Designing of Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph System, 7th IFAC Symposium on Mechatronic Systems MECHATRONICS 2016: Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK, September 2016.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Min Chen, Tony Allen. (2021). Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload. World Journal of Applied Physics, 6(4), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Min Chen; Tony Allen. Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload. World J. Appl. Phys. 2021, 6(4), 60-69. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Min Chen, Tony Allen. Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload. World J Appl Phys. 2021;6(4):60-69. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12,
  author = {Min Chen and Tony Allen},
  title = {Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Physics},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {60-69},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjap.20210604.12},
  abstract = {This paper presents part of the research findings from the ‘Active Control of Trolleybus Current Collection Systems (ACTCCS)’ PhD project undertaken at Loughborough University, UK. In this paper, the issues of preload and self-generation contact force are investigated within a dynamic model and simulation of a ‘trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph system. The self-generation contact force is created under the preload which they are both interdepend and inseparable each other in any kind of catenary-pantograph system. Under normal operations, the preload and self-generation contact forces help maintain contact between the trolleybus pantograph and catenary overhead power line to prevent arcing, power off or even de-wirement. There are four modellings which are single catenary, initial position of pantograph under preload, Integration of a trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph and combination of trolleybus catenary-pantograph system with self-generation contact force to be gradually built as well as the simulations were carried out. The results of simulations show that there is significant different with and without self-generation contact force. Put other words, the trolleybus catenary-pantograph system cannot work properly, even cannot completely work without self-generation contact force. Except trolleybus, the conclusion from modelling and results can also be applicable to all kinds of catenary-pantograph systems including electricized trains, trams, and metros etc.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload
AU  - Min Chen
AU  - Tony Allen
Y1  - 2021/11/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12
T2  - World Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - World Journal of Applied Physics
JO  - World Journal of Applied Physics
SP  - 60
EP  - 69
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-6008
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12
AB  - This paper presents part of the research findings from the ‘Active Control of Trolleybus Current Collection Systems (ACTCCS)’ PhD project undertaken at Loughborough University, UK. In this paper, the issues of preload and self-generation contact force are investigated within a dynamic model and simulation of a ‘trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph system. The self-generation contact force is created under the preload which they are both interdepend and inseparable each other in any kind of catenary-pantograph system. Under normal operations, the preload and self-generation contact forces help maintain contact between the trolleybus pantograph and catenary overhead power line to prevent arcing, power off or even de-wirement. There are four modellings which are single catenary, initial position of pantograph under preload, Integration of a trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph and combination of trolleybus catenary-pantograph system with self-generation contact force to be gradually built as well as the simulations were carried out. The results of simulations show that there is significant different with and without self-generation contact force. Put other words, the trolleybus catenary-pantograph system cannot work properly, even cannot completely work without self-generation contact force. Except trolleybus, the conclusion from modelling and results can also be applicable to all kinds of catenary-pantograph systems including electricized trains, trams, and metros etc.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Min Chen

Wolfson School, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
Tony Allen

Retired from Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Min Chen, Tony Allen. (2021). Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload. World Journal of Applied Physics, 6(4), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Min Chen; Tony Allen. Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload. World J. Appl. Phys. 2021, 6(4), 60-69. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Min Chen, Tony Allen. Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload. World J Appl Phys. 2021;6(4):60-69. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12,
  author = {Min Chen and Tony Allen},
  title = {Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Physics},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {60-69},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjap.20210604.12},
  abstract = {This paper presents part of the research findings from the ‘Active Control of Trolleybus Current Collection Systems (ACTCCS)’ PhD project undertaken at Loughborough University, UK. In this paper, the issues of preload and self-generation contact force are investigated within a dynamic model and simulation of a ‘trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph system. The self-generation contact force is created under the preload which they are both interdepend and inseparable each other in any kind of catenary-pantograph system. Under normal operations, the preload and self-generation contact forces help maintain contact between the trolleybus pantograph and catenary overhead power line to prevent arcing, power off or even de-wirement. There are four modellings which are single catenary, initial position of pantograph under preload, Integration of a trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph and combination of trolleybus catenary-pantograph system with self-generation contact force to be gradually built as well as the simulations were carried out. The results of simulations show that there is significant different with and without self-generation contact force. Put other words, the trolleybus catenary-pantograph system cannot work properly, even cannot completely work without self-generation contact force. Except trolleybus, the conclusion from modelling and results can also be applicable to all kinds of catenary-pantograph systems including electricized trains, trams, and metros etc.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Trolleybus Catenary-Pantograph Self-generation Contact Force Under Preload
AU  - Min Chen
AU  - Tony Allen
Y1  - 2021/11/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12
T2  - World Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - World Journal of Applied Physics
JO  - World Journal of Applied Physics
SP  - 60
EP  - 69
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-6008
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20210604.12
AB  - This paper presents part of the research findings from the ‘Active Control of Trolleybus Current Collection Systems (ACTCCS)’ PhD project undertaken at Loughborough University, UK. In this paper, the issues of preload and self-generation contact force are investigated within a dynamic model and simulation of a ‘trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph system. The self-generation contact force is created under the preload which they are both interdepend and inseparable each other in any kind of catenary-pantograph system. Under normal operations, the preload and self-generation contact forces help maintain contact between the trolleybus pantograph and catenary overhead power line to prevent arcing, power off or even de-wirement. There are four modellings which are single catenary, initial position of pantograph under preload, Integration of a trolleybus’ catenary-pantograph and combination of trolleybus catenary-pantograph system with self-generation contact force to be gradually built as well as the simulations were carried out. The results of simulations show that there is significant different with and without self-generation contact force. Put other words, the trolleybus catenary-pantograph system cannot work properly, even cannot completely work without self-generation contact force. Except trolleybus, the conclusion from modelling and results can also be applicable to all kinds of catenary-pantograph systems including electricized trains, trams, and metros etc.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download