Geo-electrical Survey for Groundwater Potential of Biu and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria

Nggada Ibrahim Sikami; Nur Ahmed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11

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Geo-electrical Survey for Groundwater Potential of Biu and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria

Nggada Ibrahim Sikami, Nur Ahmed

Published in World Journal of Applied Physics (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 26 July 2017 Accepted: 16 August 2017 Published: 5 September 2017

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Abstract

Thirty-six Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were carried out to evaluate groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units using Schlumberger configuration with maximum current electrode of 150m using Petrozenith PZ 02b Terrameter. Data was analyzed using Interpex IX1-D, H-curve type dominates the study area with 41%, k-type and Q-type have 17%, KH-type has 14% and A-type has 11%. Iso-resistivity contour map revealed that major anomaly was found at the eastern part of the study area at Biu with length of 6.2km and width of 2.5km. Geo-electro stratigraphic section revealed that the geologic sequence beneath the study area is composed of top soil, partly weathered/fractured basement, highly Weathered/Fracture basement and presumably fresh basement. Topsoil has resistivity of 50Ωm to 1015Ωm with thickness ranging from 1m to 7m. The weathered/fractured horizons constitute the water-bearing zones referred to as aquifer with a thickness value of 10m to 38m and resistivity value of 23Ωm to 237Ωm. Presumably fresh basement has resistivity values of 4617Ωm to 18313Ωm with infinite depth. Total longitudinal conductance for each potential aquifer zone was used to determine it overburden protective capacity. Four zone have good, twelve zones have moderate and one has poor protective capacity. Twenty VES point were used to produce contour maps for transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity varied from 3 to 34m/day and 33 to 919m²/day respectively. Correlation coefficient between transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity give positive correlation which signifies a perfect correlation. VES has proved useful in evaluating the groundwater potentials within and around Biu.

Published in	World Journal of Applied Physics (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11
Page(s)	59-70
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biu and Environs, Geoelectrical Survey, Iso-resistivity Contour Map, Geo-electro Stratigraphic Section, Protective Capacity, Hydraulic Conductivity, Transmissivity

References

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[2]	Nur A, Kujir AS (2006). Hydro-geoelectrical Study in the North-eastern part of Adamawa State, Nigeria. J. Environ. Hydrol. 14(19).
[3]	Kwari W. J. (2015). Groundwater quality assessment: a case study of groundwater from hand dug wells in Hawul local Government area of Borno state. Int. jour. Of adv. Res 3(2). (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journal-jar.com. Pp537-546.
[4]	Turner, D. C. (1978). Volcanoes of the Biu Basalts, North eastern Nigeria. Jour. Min. Geol. Vol. 15. PP. 49-62.
[5]	Obiefuna, G. I. and Nggada, I. S. (2014). Geochemical and mineralogical composition of Biu Baslt deposit, Biu area NE Nigeria. Res. Jour. Of Envir. and Sci. 6(5): 241-250.
[6]	Oladapo M. I., Akintorinwa O. J. (2007). Hydrogeophysical study of Ogbese Southwestern, Nigeria. Global J. Pure and App. Sci. 13(1): 55 – 61.
[7]	Nur, A., and M. Goji. 2005. Hydro-geoelectrical study in Takum and environs of Taraba State, NE Nigeria. Global Journal of Geological Sciences. Vol. 3 (2)109-115.
[8]	Offodile M. E. (1983): the occurrence and exploitation of groundwater in Nigeria basement complex. J. Mining Geol. 20: 131-146.
[9]	Lowrie, W. (2007): Fundamentals of geophysics second edition, Cambridge University press pp56-78.
[10]	Abiola, O., Ogunribido. T. H. T, and Omoniyi. B. A. (2013): Geo-electric assessment of groundwater prospects in Supare Estate, Supare Akoko, Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Geosciences vol. 3. No. 1, pp 23-33.
[11]	Abiola, O., Enikanselu, P. A. and Oladapo, M. I. (2009). Groundwater potential and Aquifer protective capacity of overburden units in Ado – Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria. Int. J. Phy. Sci. 4(3): 120 – 132.
[12]	Adelana, S. M. A., Olasehinde, P. I., Bale, R. B., Vrbka, P., Goni, I. B., & Edet, A. E. (2008). An overview of the geology and hydrogeology of Nigeria. In: (Adelana SMA and MacDonald AM eds.). Applied Groundwater Studies in Africa. IAH Selected Papers on Hydrogeology, Volume 13: 171-197, CRC Press/Balkema, London.
[13]	Austin and Gabriel (2015): Determination of Dar-zarrouk parameters for prediction of Aquifer protective capacity: A case of Agbani Sandstone Aquifer, Enugu State, Southeastern Nigeria. Int. Res. J. Geol. Min. 5(1): 12-19.
[14]	Isaac A. (2014). The used of Dar-Zarrouk parameters in evaluating groundwater potential of GA south municipality. Unpublished undergraduate project, Department of geological engineering, university of Mines and Technology Tarkwa.
[15]	Umeh V. O., Ezeh C. C. and Okonkwo A. C. (2014). Groundwater Exploration of Lokpaukwu, Abia State Southeastern Nigeria, Using Electrical Resistivity Method. Int. Res. J. Geo. Min. 4(3): 76-83.
[16]	Victor, O. U., Chukwudi C. E., & Austin C. O. (2014) Groundwater Exploration Of Lokpaukwu, Abia State Southeastern Nigeria, Using Electrical Resistivity Method International Research Journal of Geology and Mining (IRJGM) (2276-6618) Vol. 4(3) pp. 76-83.

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APA Style

Nggada Ibrahim Sikami, Nur Ahmed. (2017). Geo-electrical Survey for Groundwater Potential of Biu and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria. World Journal of Applied Physics, 2(3), 59-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11

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ACS Style

Nggada Ibrahim Sikami; Nur Ahmed. Geo-electrical Survey for Groundwater Potential of Biu and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria. World J. Appl. Phys. 2017, 2(3), 59-70. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11

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AMA Style

Nggada Ibrahim Sikami, Nur Ahmed. Geo-electrical Survey for Groundwater Potential of Biu and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria. World J Appl Phys. 2017;2(3):59-70. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11,
  author = {Nggada Ibrahim Sikami and Nur Ahmed},
  title = {Geo-electrical Survey for Groundwater Potential of Biu and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Physics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {59-70},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjap.20170203.11},
  abstract = {Thirty-six Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were carried out to evaluate groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units using Schlumberger configuration with maximum current electrode of 150m using Petrozenith PZ 02b Terrameter. Data was analyzed using Interpex IX1-D, H-curve type dominates the study area with 41%, k-type and Q-type have 17%, KH-type has 14% and A-type has 11%. Iso-resistivity contour map revealed that major anomaly was found at the eastern part of the study area at Biu with length of 6.2km and width of 2.5km. Geo-electro stratigraphic section revealed that the geologic sequence beneath the study area is composed of top soil, partly weathered/fractured basement, highly Weathered/Fracture basement and presumably fresh basement. Topsoil has resistivity of 50Ωm to 1015Ωm with thickness ranging from 1m to 7m. The weathered/fractured horizons constitute the water-bearing zones referred to as aquifer with a thickness value of 10m to 38m and resistivity value of 23Ωm to 237Ωm. Presumably fresh basement has resistivity values of 4617Ωm to 18313Ωm with infinite depth. Total longitudinal conductance for each potential aquifer zone was used to determine it overburden protective capacity. Four zone have good, twelve zones have moderate and one has poor protective capacity. Twenty VES point were used to produce contour maps for transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity varied from 3 to 34m/day and 33 to 919m2/day respectively. Correlation coefficient between transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity give positive correlation which signifies a perfect correlation. VES has proved useful in evaluating the groundwater potentials within and around Biu.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Geo-electrical Survey for Groundwater Potential of Biu and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria
AU - Nggada Ibrahim Sikami
AU - Nur Ahmed
Y1 - 2017/09/05
PY - 2017
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11
DO - 10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11
T2 - World Journal of Applied Physics
JF - World Journal of Applied Physics
JO - World Journal of Applied Physics
SP - 59
EP - 70
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2637-6008
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11
AB - Thirty-six Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were carried out to evaluate groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units using Schlumberger configuration with maximum current electrode of 150m using Petrozenith PZ 02b Terrameter. Data was analyzed using Interpex IX1-D, H-curve type dominates the study area with 41%, k-type and Q-type have 17%, KH-type has 14% and A-type has 11%. Iso-resistivity contour map revealed that major anomaly was found at the eastern part of the study area at Biu with length of 6.2km and width of 2.5km. Geo-electro stratigraphic section revealed that the geologic sequence beneath the study area is composed of top soil, partly weathered/fractured basement, highly Weathered/Fracture basement and presumably fresh basement. Topsoil has resistivity of 50Ωm to 1015Ωm with thickness ranging from 1m to 7m. The weathered/fractured horizons constitute the water-bearing zones referred to as aquifer with a thickness value of 10m to 38m and resistivity value of 23Ωm to 237Ωm. Presumably fresh basement has resistivity values of 4617Ωm to 18313Ωm with infinite depth. Total longitudinal conductance for each potential aquifer zone was used to determine it overburden protective capacity. Four zone have good, twelve zones have moderate and one has poor protective capacity. Twenty VES point were used to produce contour maps for transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity varied from 3 to 34m/day and 33 to 919m2/day respectively. Correlation coefficient between transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity give positive correlation which signifies a perfect correlation. VES has proved useful in evaluating the groundwater potentials within and around Biu.
VL - 2
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Nggada Ibrahim Sikami

Department of Geology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
Nur Ahmed

Department of Geology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

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APA Style

Nggada Ibrahim Sikami, Nur Ahmed. (2017). Geo-electrical Survey for Groundwater Potential of Biu and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria. World Journal of Applied Physics, 2(3), 59-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11

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ACS Style

Nggada Ibrahim Sikami; Nur Ahmed. Geo-electrical Survey for Groundwater Potential of Biu and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria. World J. Appl. Phys. 2017, 2(3), 59-70. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11

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AMA Style

Nggada Ibrahim Sikami, Nur Ahmed. Geo-electrical Survey for Groundwater Potential of Biu and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria. World J Appl Phys. 2017;2(3):59-70. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11

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@article{10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11,
  author = {Nggada Ibrahim Sikami and Nur Ahmed},
  title = {Geo-electrical Survey for Groundwater Potential of Biu and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Physics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {59-70},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjap.20170203.11},
  abstract = {Thirty-six Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were carried out to evaluate groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units using Schlumberger configuration with maximum current electrode of 150m using Petrozenith PZ 02b Terrameter. Data was analyzed using Interpex IX1-D, H-curve type dominates the study area with 41%, k-type and Q-type have 17%, KH-type has 14% and A-type has 11%. Iso-resistivity contour map revealed that major anomaly was found at the eastern part of the study area at Biu with length of 6.2km and width of 2.5km. Geo-electro stratigraphic section revealed that the geologic sequence beneath the study area is composed of top soil, partly weathered/fractured basement, highly Weathered/Fracture basement and presumably fresh basement. Topsoil has resistivity of 50Ωm to 1015Ωm with thickness ranging from 1m to 7m. The weathered/fractured horizons constitute the water-bearing zones referred to as aquifer with a thickness value of 10m to 38m and resistivity value of 23Ωm to 237Ωm. Presumably fresh basement has resistivity values of 4617Ωm to 18313Ωm with infinite depth. Total longitudinal conductance for each potential aquifer zone was used to determine it overburden protective capacity. Four zone have good, twelve zones have moderate and one has poor protective capacity. Twenty VES point were used to produce contour maps for transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity varied from 3 to 34m/day and 33 to 919m2/day respectively. Correlation coefficient between transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity give positive correlation which signifies a perfect correlation. VES has proved useful in evaluating the groundwater potentials within and around Biu.},
 year = {2017}
}

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