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Geo-electrical Survey for Groundwater Potential of Biu and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria
Nggada Ibrahim Sikami,
Nur Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
59-70
Received:
26 July 2017
Accepted:
16 August 2017
Published:
5 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.11
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Abstract: Thirty-six Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were carried out to evaluate groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units using Schlumberger configuration with maximum current electrode of 150m using Petrozenith PZ 02b Terrameter. Data was analyzed using Interpex IX1-D, H-curve type dominates the study area with 41%, k-type and Q-type have 17%, KH-type has 14% and A-type has 11%. Iso-resistivity contour map revealed that major anomaly was found at the eastern part of the study area at Biu with length of 6.2km and width of 2.5km. Geo-electro stratigraphic section revealed that the geologic sequence beneath the study area is composed of top soil, partly weathered/fractured basement, highly Weathered/Fracture basement and presumably fresh basement. Topsoil has resistivity of 50Ωm to 1015Ωm with thickness ranging from 1m to 7m. The weathered/fractured horizons constitute the water-bearing zones referred to as aquifer with a thickness value of 10m to 38m and resistivity value of 23Ωm to 237Ωm. Presumably fresh basement has resistivity values of 4617Ωm to 18313Ωm with infinite depth. Total longitudinal conductance for each potential aquifer zone was used to determine it overburden protective capacity. Four zone have good, twelve zones have moderate and one has poor protective capacity. Twenty VES point were used to produce contour maps for transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity varied from 3 to 34m/day and 33 to 919m2/day respectively. Correlation coefficient between transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity give positive correlation which signifies a perfect correlation. VES has proved useful in evaluating the groundwater potentials within and around Biu.
Abstract: Thirty-six Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were carried out to evaluate groundwater potential and aquifer protective capacity of the overburden units using Schlumberger configuration with maximum current electrode of 150m using Petrozenith PZ 02b Terrameter. Data was analyzed using Interpex IX1-D, H-curve type dominates the study area with 41%, ...
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The Effect of Cladding Creep on the Initiation of GTRFW
William Richard Campbell,
Jerry Chen
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
71-76
Received:
20 July 2017
Accepted:
1 August 2017
Published:
6 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.12
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Abstract: Creep plays a critical role in the stress relaxation of a PWR fuel assembly, which causes the initiation of slip and fretting wear. In this paper, the creep down of grid and cladding is simulated using a 3D FEA model. A mechanism-based creep model is incorporated in the structural analysis. The evolution of stress as well as its effects on the slip and wear is analyzed. It is found the creep would lead to partial slip around the contact edge and eventually full slip across the entire contact interface. The contact stress and hydrostatic pressure in the water play key roles in the creep evolution.
Abstract: Creep plays a critical role in the stress relaxation of a PWR fuel assembly, which causes the initiation of slip and fretting wear. In this paper, the creep down of grid and cladding is simulated using a 3D FEA model. A mechanism-based creep model is incorporated in the structural analysis. The evolution of stress as well as its effects on the slip...
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Analytic Spin and Pseudospin Solutions to the Dirac Equation for the Quadratic Exponential-Type Potential Plus Eckart Potential and Yukawa-Like Tensor Interaction
Nzeata-Ibe Nelson,
Benedict Iserom Ita,
Innocent Joseph,
Pigwe Isa Amos,
Thomas Odey Magu,
Louis Hitler
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
77-84
Received:
2 August 2017
Accepted:
21 August 2017
Published:
7 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.13
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Abstract: We solve the Dirac equation for the quadratic exponential-type potential plus Eckart potential including a Yukawa-like tensor potential with arbitrary spin–orbit coupling quantum number κ. In the framework of the spin and pseudospin (pspin) symmetry, we obtain the energy eigenvalue equation and the corresponding eigenfunctions in closed form by using the Nikiforov–Uvarov method. Also Special cases of the potential as been considered and their energy eigen values as well as their corresponding eigen functions are obtained for both relativistic and non-relativistic scope.
Abstract: We solve the Dirac equation for the quadratic exponential-type potential plus Eckart potential including a Yukawa-like tensor potential with arbitrary spin–orbit coupling quantum number κ. In the framework of the spin and pseudospin (pspin) symmetry, we obtain the energy eigenvalue equation and the corresponding eigenfunctions in closed form by usi...
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Study of Radiation Pollution of Groundwater in Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq
Asia Hameed Al-Mashhadani,
Huda Saddi Ali,
Karar Sameen Ali
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
85-91
Received:
31 July 2017
Accepted:
8 August 2017
Published:
13 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.14
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Abstract: This paper presents an evaluation radiation pollution of groundwater and the radioactive contamination from natural radiation sources using sodium iodide detector by measuring gamma lines emitted from radioisotopes. The radioactivity of the radioisotopes radium (Ra226), Actinium (Ac228) and potassium (K40) were identified in the studied samples, which included 52 different groundwater samples in the city of Al-Tuz, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. The results show that the concentration of Ra226 was between the range (w22 (3.712)-w45 (191.551)) BqL-1, where some of samples radioactivity was higher than the allowed limit (35BqL-1), but the concentration of Ac228 was between (w25 (1.609)- w29 (42.4) BqL-1) and the concentration of K40 was between (w1 (1.092) - w18 (123.164)) Bq L-1 where all the results were below the allowed limit of (400BqL-1), and the radium equivalent was between (w22 (20.613434) -W45 (212.02739))BqL-1, where all the results were below the global limit (370) BqL-1. The rate of absorbed dose AD was between (9.7047138-97.434442) nGyh-1 that 20 samples appeared above the allowed limit and the rest of the samples was less than the allowed limit (84Bq L-1). The annual effective dose of Ra226 concentration was between (0.065097- 0.001261) mSv/year showed that all the results were less than the global limit of (0.1 mSv / year).
Abstract: This paper presents an evaluation radiation pollution of groundwater and the radioactive contamination from natural radiation sources using sodium iodide detector by measuring gamma lines emitted from radioisotopes. The radioactivity of the radioisotopes radium (Ra226), Actinium (Ac228) and potassium (K40) were identified in the studied samples, wh...
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A Method to Reveal 137Cs Gamma Spectrum by a Multi-Pixel Photon Counter
Elif Ebru Ermis,
Cuneyt Celiktas
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, August 2017
Pages:
92-96
Received:
14 August 2017
Accepted:
29 August 2017
Published:
13 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.wjap.20170203.16
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Abstract: An MPPC (multi-pixel photon counter) module which is composed of silicon photomultipliers (Si-PM) can be used for the photon detection and measurement. However, gamma energy spectrum could not be obtained when the module was only used. Therefore, the study was focused on finding out gamma energy spectrum of 137Cs and developed a spectrometer which consisted of a MPPC module. The photopeak of 662 keV of the isotope could be revealed using the introduced method here. The used method was successful to enhance the energy resolution as well.
Abstract: An MPPC (multi-pixel photon counter) module which is composed of silicon photomultipliers (Si-PM) can be used for the photon detection and measurement. However, gamma energy spectrum could not be obtained when the module was only used. Therefore, the study was focused on finding out gamma energy spectrum of 137Cs and developed a spectrometer which ...
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